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Review Article
Review on Genetic Diversity Analysis of Ethiopian Coffee Accessions Collected from Limmu Coffee Growing Areas
Getachew Weldemichael*,
Lemi Beksisa
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
1-6
Received:
20 November 2023
Accepted:
19 December 2023
Published:
11 January 2024
Abstract: Coffee is the world’s most widely traded tropical agricultural commodity next to oil and is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. It greatly contributes to the economy of Ethiopia. Limmu is one of the major coffee-producing woredas of Jimma Zone and coffee from this area is well known by the name of ‘Limmu Coffee’ and fetches very high prices on the world market for its peculiar winy flavor. Having known this fact, Jimma Agricultural Research Center collected 220 coffee accessions from this area to improve productivity and quality. Apart from collection, studies on different batches of Limmu coffee collection have also been conducted as information on genetic variability for morphological and organoleptic traits is a prerequisite for further improvement of the yield and quality of coffee. However, the results of the studies have not been summarized in a way to address the readers. Thus, the objective of this review paper is to summarize the findings of different studies conducted on the genetic diversity of Limmu coffee collections. The results of the studies showed that there is sufficient variability among the accessions for quantitative traits and cup quality traits to improve the yield and the quality of Limmu coffee. In conclusion, the observed variability for quantitative and cup quality attributes should be utilized to improve the productivity as well as the quality of coffee through selection and hybridization. However, as most of the diversity studies were conducted using conventional methods, the contemporary diversity analysis method should be employed to supplement the conventional method. Besides, the organoleptic quality analysis should also be supported with biochemical characterization.
Abstract: Coffee is the world’s most widely traded tropical agricultural commodity next to oil and is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. It greatly contributes to the economy of Ethiopia. Limmu is one of the major coffee-producing woredas of Jimma Zone and coffee from this area is well known by the name of ‘Limmu Coffee’ and fetches very high prices on t...
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Research Article
Evaluation of the Predation Capacity of Rhynocoris albopilosus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) on the Second Instar Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Atsain Élise Rosina*,
Kra Kouadio Dagobert,
Kwadjo Koffi Éric,
Guessan Bi Kévin Trazié,
Danon Aubin Silvère Djiwha,
Doumbia Mamadou
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
7-15
Received:
30 November 2023
Accepted:
19 December 2023
Published:
11 January 2024
Abstract: The fall armyworm (CLA) Spodoptera frugiperda is currently the main pest of cereal crops, with a preference for maize. Chemical control of this pest has shown its limitations. Biological control based on the use of the predatory insect Rhynocoris albopilosus is considered in this study. To this end, the predatory capacity of R. albopilosus adults and stages 3, 4 and 5 larvae was evaluated on Spodoptera frugiperda stage 2 caterpillars at the laboratory. On the other hand, only adults and stage 5 larvae of the predator were tested in a semi-controlled environment. The results of tests carried out at the laboratory show that the predatory capacity of R. albopilosus increases progressively with the evolution of the stages. On average, 7.37 ± 1.67; 8.92 ± 1.78; 12.25 ± 2.71 and 11.78 ± 2.00 prey were respectively consumed by stage 3, 4, 5 and adult of R. albopilosus. In addition, high prey consumption was observed among female predators at all stages of development, with an average of 7.31, 9.38, 14.30 and 13.36 prey items consumed by stage 3, 4, 5 and adult females respectively. In a semi-controlled environment, high prey consumption was observed in stage 5 predators over the ten days of observation. The average numbers of prey consumed by the predator of stage 5 every 48 h over ten days were 8.83, 7.75, 6.75, 7.08 and 6.92 respectively.
Abstract: The fall armyworm (CLA) Spodoptera frugiperda is currently the main pest of cereal crops, with a preference for maize. Chemical control of this pest has shown its limitations. Biological control based on the use of the predatory insect Rhynocoris albopilosus is considered in this study. To this end, the predatory capacity of R. albopilosus adults a...
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Research Article
Adaptability Study of Improved Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Varieties in Moisture Stress Areas of Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Belachew Dabalo*,
Tekalign Afeta,
Deresa Shumi,
Rhobot Neguse
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
16-20
Received:
19 November 2023
Accepted:
20 December 2023
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a green gram, is the best important short duration legume crops for moisture stressed areas globally. On account of the prolonged drought in moisture stress areas in Ethiopia, drought tolerant and early matured with a little soil moisture crops are utmost important and production of mung bean crop is very crucial in the lowland areas of Guji zone. During the 2020–21 cropping season, a study was carried out at the Bore Agricultural Research Center's research mandate regions to assess the adaptation of mung bean cultivars. In order to assess eight characteristics—namely, days to 50% flowering, seed filling period, 90% physiological maturity, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield, and hundred seed weight—for five mung bean varieties—Rasa, Shewa robit, NVL, Local, and Chinese—under rain-fed conditions at the Bore Agricultural Research Center on farms in the Guji Zone, a field experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with three replications. With six rows per plot and a distance of 40 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants, each plot measured 2.4 meters by 4 meters. With the exception of plant height, which is not significantly different among varieties, the analysis of variances showed that Days to 50% blooming, Days to 90%maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, hundred seeds weight, and grain output per hectare changed as impacted by variety. The highest grain yield (1014.04kg/ha) was recorded from Rasa variety followed by local cultivar (938. 45kg/ha) whereas the minimum grain yield value (715.67kg/ha) was recorded by variety, NVL. Hence, the variety Rasa was best adapted in the study areas and it will be used for production.
Abstract: Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a green gram, is the best important short duration legume crops for moisture stressed areas globally. On account of the prolonged drought in moisture stress areas in Ethiopia, drought tolerant and early matured with a little soil moisture crops are utmost important and production of mung bean crop is very crucial in th...
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Review Article
Review Status of Mango Production and Research in Ethiopia
Gamachu Wakgari Aga*,
Sisay Yohannes Gagabo
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
21-29
Received:
23 December 2023
Accepted:
5 January 2024
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is Ethiopia's second-most important fruit crop. It is, nevertheless, in its infancy when compared to the potential of the nation. The mango is a succulent stone fruit that is a member of the Panes Mangifera fruit family, which includes several tropical fruit trees of the Anacardiaceous flowering plant family. To examine the present status and potential future of mango in Ethiopian studies. Mango value chains also promote growth, introduce new technologies, provide jobs, and lessen poverty in communities. The mango fruit crop is also very important since it has the ability to be processed industrially and sold in both domestic and international markets. However, due to poor handling, insufficient transportation and storage facilities, disease issues, and susceptibility to low storage temperatures, mango fruit production, marketing, and consumption are constrained. There is a very low level of farmer information regarding orchard spacing, pruning, fertilizer application, availability of new varieties, and pest and disease control. Mango packaging and delivery fell well short of expectations. The main obstacles were pests, knowledge and skill gaps, and the availability of better cultivars. Other agricultural inputs included fertilizers and pesticides. A total of 76.9% of growers were similar, according to an assessment of commonalities in the off-farming system, mango production practices, harvest, post-harvest handling, marketing, and their restrictions. Thus, to develop the mango sector in Ethiopia, it will be essential to improve the pre- and post-production techniques, use and/or conservation of the identified cultivars, and address the constraints.
Abstract: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is Ethiopia's second-most important fruit crop. It is, nevertheless, in its infancy when compared to the potential of the nation. The mango is a succulent stone fruit that is a member of the Panes Mangifera fruit family, which includes several tropical fruit trees of the Anacardiaceous flowering plant family. To examine ...
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Research Article
Detecting Similarities and Differences of Promising Elite Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genotypes Influenced by Seed Cotton Yield and Related Components
Mare Marco,
Mubvekeri Washington
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
30-35
Received:
11 May 2023
Accepted:
5 June 2023
Published:
1 February 2024
Abstract: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a premier cash and natural fibre crop grown worldwide. Cotton Breeding Programme in Zimbabwe is driven by the basic principle of continuous improvement in genetics of available cotton germplasm for high production and productivity under varying agro-climatic conditions. An experiment was carried out at six sites namely Chitekete, Chizvirizvi, Masakadza, Muzarabani, Tokwane and Umguza over two seasons, 2020 and 2021. Ten treatments that comprised of eight promising lines and two checks were replicated three times and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Gross plot was 36m2 and Net plot was 16m2. Seed Cotton yield, lint yield, plant height, 100 boll weight, Earliness Index, Boll weight and Gin out turn were measured and data was analyzed using Genstat 18th version. Maximum variation as indicated by high values that ranged from 16.4% to 20.1% was observed for Earliness Index, Total Seed Cotton, Plant Height and Lint Yield whilst least variation was recorded for Gin-Out-Turn and 100 seed weight. Mean performance results revealed a yield difference of 539kgha-1 between the highest and the lowest yielding candidate thus 22% yield advantage for 83-01-4 over 820-01-1. Of the seven computed principal components only PC1 and PC2 achieved eigenvalue >1 and contributed about 63.99% of the accumulative variation among the attributes under examination. The study results gave the breeder an option to target parents with strengths in some important traits for use in cotton yield improvement programmes. Key suggestions were also hinted for use in hybridization combinations.
Abstract: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a premier cash and natural fibre crop grown worldwide. Cotton Breeding Programme in Zimbabwe is driven by the basic principle of continuous improvement in genetics of available cotton germplasm for high production and productivity under varying agro-climatic conditions. An experiment was carried out at six sites na...
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Research Article
Yield Performance and Stability-Based Comparative Evaluation of Different Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genotypes Under Diverse Environments of Zimbabwe
Mare Marco,
Mubvekeri Washington
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
36-42
Received:
13 May 2023
Accepted:
5 June 2023
Published:
1 February 2024
Abstract: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important cash and natural fibre crop grown worldwide. The present study was performed to assess and identify superior cotton genotypes with high mean and stable performance across different environments. The experimental gross plot sizes used in the experiment comprised of six rows which are one meter apart and six meters long (6m x 6m = 36m2). Data was collected from a net plot which measured 4m x 4m (16m2). The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Genstat 18th version was generated and manifested significant differences for tested genotypes (G), locations (L), years (Y), genotype × year (GY), and genotype × location (GL) and GxLxY interactions revealing higher influence by environmental factors on yield (P < 0.001). High TSC means were recorded for SZ-9523, 81-01-1 and SN-96-5, where the three candidates obtained 3045.62kgha-1, 2721.56kgha-1 and 2705kgha-1 respectively. AMMI ANOVA showed that two IPCAs (IPCA1 and IPCA2) out of four were highly significant (P ≤ 0.001), and they accounted for 60.4% and 31.9 respectively (92.3% of the GEI). GGE Showed that SZ-9523 recorded high yield means and was also very stable. Generally, both biplots revealed that SZ-9523, 81-01-2 and SN-96-5 were high mean performers across all sites, whilst SZ-9523 was the most stable, and ideal genotype. These candidates are recommended for commercial release in Zimbabwe as well as for use as for use as parents in future breeding programmes.
Abstract: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important cash and natural fibre crop grown worldwide. The present study was performed to assess and identify superior cotton genotypes with high mean and stable performance across different environments. The experimental gross plot sizes used in the experiment comprised of six rows which are one meter apart and...
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Research Article
Assessing the Potential of Extra-Early Maturing Multiple Stress-tolerant Maize Hybrids Under Different Rates of Nitrogen
Korokoro Bio Bourandi,
Yacoubou Abdoul-Madjidou*,
Bunmi Olasanmi,
Hounfodji Sedjro Narcisse,
Meseka Silvestro,
Aboudou Abib,
Menkir Abebe,
Badu-Apraku Baffour,
Zoumarou Wallis Nouhoun
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
43-54
Received:
23 January 2024
Accepted:
12 February 2024
Published:
28 February 2024
Abstract: Decline in soil fertility is a major constraint to maize production. This study aimed to assess the agronomic performance of improved maize varieties under different nitrogen rates to identify low nitrogen tolerant varieties. Five multiple stress-tolerant maize hybrids, developed by maize improvement program of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), and an open-pollinated variety used as check were evaluated under three levels nitrogen at two locations during 2019 growing season. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot experiment with three replications at each location. Nitrogen rates and varieties were the main and secondary factors, respectively. Data collected on grain yield and its related traits and were subjected to analysis of variance at 5% level of significance. The average grain yield of the six varieties under different nitrogen levels ranged from 2.2 t/ha at 0 kgN/ha in Angaradébou to 5.3 t/ha at 76 kgN/ha in Komkoma. Hybrid TZEEQI 342 × TZEEQI 7 showed high grain yield (4.0 t/ha) across the two agro-ecologies while varieties TZEE-W Pop STR QPM Co × TZEEQI 7 (3.7 t/ha) and TZdEEI 91 × TZEEI 21 (3.6 t/ha) had comparable grain yield. These hybrids were also less susceptible to nitrogen stress. They are the promising genotypes for Angaradébou localities while farmers around Komkoma should continue to cultivate TZEE-W Pop DT STR QPM.
Abstract: Decline in soil fertility is a major constraint to maize production. This study aimed to assess the agronomic performance of improved maize varieties under different nitrogen rates to identify low nitrogen tolerant varieties. Five multiple stress-tolerant maize hybrids, developed by maize improvement program of the International Institute of Tropic...
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